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American Century
American Century〔Lamb, Brian, and Harold Evans. The American Century. West Lafayette, IN: C-SPAN Archives, 1999.〕〔(The American Century ). randomhouse.com.〕 is a characterization of the period since the middle of the 20th century as being largely dominated by the United States in political, economic, and cultural terms. It is comparable to the description of the period 1815–1914 as Britain's Imperial Century. Critical to the American Century was US control of the world's oil resources.〔: "Understanding how oil fueled the 'American century' is fundamental to understanding the sources, dynamics, and consequences of U.S. global dominance. Essential to both military power and the functioning of modern society, oil fueled American power and prosperity during the twentieth century. . . . Control of oil bolstered U.S. military and economic might and enabled the United States and its allies to win both world wars and the Cold War. The U.S. government worked closely with the oil industry to gain and maintain control of overseas oil reserves, reflecting a symbiosis of national security interests and the interests of the oil companies. Maintaining access to oil became a key priority of U.S. foreign policy and involved the United States in regional and local conflicts in Latin America, the Middle East, and other oil-producing areas in ways that distorted development in many countries. Most of the major doctrines of postwar U.S. foreign policy—the Truman, Eisenhower, Nixon, and Carter Doctrines—related, either directly or indirectly, to the Middle East and its oil."〕 The United States' influence grew throughout the 20th century, but became especially dominant after the end of World War II, when only two superpowers remained, the United States and the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the United States remained the world's only superpower, and became the hegemon, or what some have termed a hyperpower.〔(Definition and Use of the Word ''Hyperpower'' )〕
==Origin of the phrase==
The term was coined by ''Time'' publisher Henry Luce to describe what he thought the role of the United States would be and should be during the 20th century.〔David Harvey, ''The New Imperialism'', (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003)〕 Luce, the son of a missionary, in a February 17, 1941 ''Life'' magazine editorial〔Luce, Henry (1941-02-17) (The American Century ), ''Life Magazine''〕 urged the United States to forsake isolationism for a missionary's role, acting as the world's Good Samaritan and spreading democracy. He called upon the US to enter World War II to defend democratic values:
Throughout the 17th century and the 18th century and the 19th century, this continent teemed with manifold projects and magnificent purposes. Above them all and weaving them all together into the most exciting flag of all the world and of all history was the triumphal purpose of freedom.
It is in this spirit that all of us are called, each to his own measure of capacity, and each in the widest horizon of his vision, to create the first great American Century.〔Luce, H. R: "The American Century" reprinted in ''The Ambiguous Legacy'', M. J. Hogan, ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999.〕
According to David Harvey, Luce believed "the power conferred was global and universal rather than territorially specific, so Luce preferred to talk of an American century rather than an empire."〔David Harvey, ''The New Imperialism'', (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003), 50.〕 In the same article he called upon United States "to exert upon the world the full impact of our influence, for such purposes as we see fit and by such means as we see fit."〔Michael J. Hogan, ''The ambiguous legacy: U.S. foreign relations in the "American century"'', (Cambridge University Press, 1999), page (20 ).〕
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